[R] Need some help

[azzza]

THANKYOU guyz! yes, Jim's code was right (it was similar to someone
elses)....I somehow missed his reply!
Yes, that was exactly what i was looking for. lastly, how do i find the
frequency of heads perhaps?



Marc Schwartz wrote:
> 
> On Tue, 2007-10-16 at 11:53 -0700, azzza wrote:
>> 
>>  
>> ok, so suppose a coin is tossed 1000 times. Each time head occurs, we win
>> a
>> dollar, otherwise we lose a dollar. Let S(n) be our accumulated winnings
>> after n tosses. For instance, if the sequence HHHTT occurs in the first
>> five
>> tosses, then S(5) = $1.00 wheras if the sequence HTTTT occurs, S(5) =-$3.
>> So
>> now, we want to see how many times during the 1000tosses S9n) will go
>> from a
>> positive balance to a negative balanc eor the other way around. So for
>> our
>> simulation, S(n) is computed by adding one to S(n-1) if a head occurs,
>> and
>> subtracting one form S(n-1) if a tail occurs. A change in sign will occur
>> on
>> the nth toss in one of two ways: S(n-2)=1, S(n-1)=0 and, S(n)= -1 OR
>> S(n-2)
>> = -1, S(n-1)=0 and S(n)=1. This is equivalent to S(n-2)+ S(n-1)+ S(n)=0. 
>> so now, n is the numbe rof tosses,  S(n) is the number of heads minus the
>> number of tails in n tosses and C is the number of times S(n) changes
>> sign. 
>> so we initialize n=0, S(-1)=0, S(0)=0, and C(0)=0 
>> 
>> now we should, 
>> -generate u, a uniform number, with the increment, n=n+1 ....(our n=1000) 
>> -if u<1/2, that is tails occur, set S(n)=S(n-1)-1, and also set
>> S(n)=S(n-1)+1 
>> - If S(n) +S(n-1)+S(n-2)=0, then increment C=C+1. 
>> 
>> My issue is simulating this in R, where I need to code the number of sign
>> changes, the frequency of heads, and to plot S(n) versus n in a line
>> graph.
>> 
>> 
>> for each coin toss, the number of sign changes could either be a positive
>> number, zero, or a negative number. 
> 
> I believe that Jim had the right approach in his reply here:
> 
>   https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-October/143383.html
> 
> and Prof. Koenker has given you a reference on the theory:
> 
>   https://stat.ethz.ch/pipermail/r-help/2007-October/143385.html
> 
> HTH,
> 
> Marc
> 
> ______________________________________________
> R-help at r-project.org mailing list
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> PLEASE do read the posting guide
> http://www.R-project.org/posting-guide.html
> and provide commented, minimal, self-contained, reproducible code.
> 
> 

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