[Rd] stringsAsFactors

Milan Bouchet-Valat nalimilan at club.fr
Wed Feb 13 14:30:53 CET 2013 

Le mercredi 13 février 2013 à 12:33 +0000, Michael Dewey a écrit :
> At 18:01 11/02/2013, Ista Zahn wrote:
> >FWIW my view is that for data cleaning and organizing factors just get
> >it the way. For modeling I like them because they make it easier to
> >understand what is happening. For example I can look at the levels()
> >to see what the reference group will be. With characters one has to
> >know a) that levels are created in alphabetical order and b) the
> >alphabetical order of the the unique values in the character vector.
> >Ugh. So my habit is to turn off stringsAsFactors, then explicitly
> >convert to factors before modeling (I also use factors to change the
> >order in which things are displayed in tables and graphs, another
> >place where converting to factors myself is useful but the creating
> >them in alphabetical order by default is not)
> >
> >All this is to say that I would like options(stingsAsFactors=FALSE) to
> >be the default, but I like the warning about converting to factors in
> >modeling functions because it reminds me that I forgot to covert them,
> >which I like to do anyway...
> 
> I seem to be one of the few people who find the current default 
> helpful. When I read in a dataset I am nearly always going to follow 
> it with one or more of the modelling functions and so I do want to 
> treat the categorical variables as factors. I cannot off-hand think 
> of an example where I have had to convert them to characters.
If the changes to modeling functions that are discussed in this thread
can finally be applied (i.e. a solution is found), characters would be
converted to factors automatically, so you would not notice the
difference. And if you need to change the order of levels of your
factors, calling factor(myVar, levels=c(...)) is the same, be myVar a
character or a factor.

> Incidentally xkcd has, while this discussion has been going on, 
> posted something relevant
> http://www.xkcd.com/1172/
Truly hilarious, indeed. But beware, it sounds like an argument in favor
of the change, while you are lobbying against it. :-p


Regards



> 
> 
> >Best,
> >Ista
> >
> >On Mon, Feb 11, 2013 at 12:50 PM, Duncan Murdoch
> ><murdoch.duncan at gmail.com> wrote:
> > > On 11/02/2013 12:13 PM, William Dunlap wrote:
> > >>
> > >> Note that changing this does not just mean getting rid of "silly
> > >> warnings".
> > >> Currently, predict.lm() can give wrong answers when stringsAsFactors is
> > >> FALSE.
> > >>
> > >>    > d <- data.frame(x=1:10, f=rep(c("A","B","C"), c(4,3,3)), y=c(1:4,
> > >> 15:17, 28.1,28.8,30.1))
> > >>    > fit_ab <- lm(y ~ x + f, data = d, subset = f!="B")
> > >>    Warning message:
> > >>    In model.matrix.default(mt, mf, contrasts) :
> > >>      variable 'f' converted to a factor
> > >>    > predict(fit_ab, newdata=d)
> > >>     1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
> > >>     1  2  3  4 25 26 27  8  9 10
> > >>    Warning messages:
> > >>    1: In model.matrix.default(Terms, m, contrasts.arg = object$contrasts)
> > >> :
> > >>      variable 'f' converted to a factor
> > >>    2: In predict.lm(fit_ab, newdata = d) :
> > >>      prediction from a rank-deficient fit may be misleading
> > >>
> > >> fit_ab is not rank-deficient and the predict should report
> > >>     1 2 3 4 NA NA NA 28 29 30
> > >
> > >
> > > In R-devel, the two warnings about factor conversions are no longer given,
> > > but the predictions are the same and the warning about rank 
> > deficiency still
> > > shows up.  If f is set to be a factor, an error is generated:
> > >
> > > Error in model.frame.default(Terms, newdata, na.action = na.action, xlev =
> > > object$xlevels) :
> > >   factor f has new levels B
> > >
> > > I think both the warning and error are somewhat reasonable responses.  The
> > > fit is rank deficient relative to the model that includes f == 
> > "B",  because
> > > the column of the design matrix corresponding to f level B would be
> > > completely zero.  In this particular model, we could still do predictions
> > > for the other levels, but it also seems reasonable to quit, given that
> > > clearly something has gone wrong.
> > >
> > > I do think that it's unfortunate that we don't get the same result in both
> > > cases, and I'd like to have gotten the predictions you suggested, but I
> > > don't think that's going to happen.  The reason for the difference is that
> > > the subsetting is done before the conversion to a factor, but I think that
> > > is unavoidable without really big changes.
> > >
> > > Duncan Murdoch
> > >
> > >
> > >
> > >>
> > >> Bill Dunlap
> > >> Spotfire, TIBCO Software
> > >> wdunlap tibco.com
> > >>
> > >> > -----Original Message-----
> > >> > From: r-devel-bounces at r-project.org
> > >> > [mailto:r-devel-bounces at r-project.org] On Behalf
> > >> > Of Terry Therneau
> > >> > Sent: Monday, February 11, 2013 5:50 AM
> > >> > To: r-devel at r-project.org; Duncan Murdoch
> > >> > Subject: Re: [Rd] stringsAsFactors
> > >> >
> > >> > I think your idea to remove the warnings is excellent, and a good
> > >> > compromise.
> > >> > Characters
> > >> > already work fine in modeling functions except for the silly warning.
> > >> >
> > >> > It is interesting how often the defaults for a program reflect the data
> > >> > sets in use at the
> > >> > time the defaults were chosen.  There are some such in my own survival
> > >> > package whose
> > >> > proper value is no longer as "obvious" as it was when I chose them.
> > >> > Factors are very
> > >> > handy for variables which have only a few levels and will be used in
> > >> > modeling.  Every
> > >> > character variable of every dataset in "Statistical Models in S", which
> > >> > introduced
> > >> > factors, is of this type so auto-transformation made a lot of sense.
> > >> > The "solder" data
> > >> > set there is one for which Helmert contrasts are proper so guess what
> > >> > the default
> > >> > contrast
> > >> > option was?  (I think there are only a few data sets in the world for
> > >> > which Helmert makes
> > >> > sense, however, and R eventually changed the default.)
> > >> >
> > >> > For character variables that should not be factors such as a street
> > >> > adress
> > >> > stringsAsFactors can be a real PITA, and I expect that people's
> > >> > preference for the option
> > >> > depends almost entirely on how often these arise in their own work.  As
> > >> > long as there is
> > >> > an option that can be overridden I'm okay.  Yes, I'd prefer FALSE as the
> > >> > default, partly
> > >> > because the current value is a tripwire in the hallway that eventually
> > >> > catches every new
> > >> > user.
> > >> >
> > >> > Terry Therneau
> > >> >
> > >> > On 02/11/2013 05:00 AM, r-devel-request at r-project.org wrote:
> > >> > > Both of these were discussed by R Core.  I think it's unlikely the
> > >> > > default for stringsAsFactors will be changed (some R Core members like
> > >> > > the current behaviour), but it's fairly likely the show.signif.stars
> > >> > > default will change.  (That's if someone gets around to it:  I
> > >> > > personally don't care about that one.  P-values are commonly used
> > >> > > statistics, and the stars are just a simple graphical display of them.
> > >> > > I find some p-values to be useful, and the display to be harmless.)
> > >> > >
> > >> > > I think it's really unlikely the more extreme changes (i.e. dropping
> > >> > > show.signif.stars completely, or dropping p-values) will happen.
> > >> > >
> > >> > > Regarding stringsAsFactors:  I'm not going to defend keeping it as is,
> > >> > > I'll let the people who like it defend it.  What I will likely do is
> > >> > > make a few changes so that character vectors are automatically changed
> > >> > > to factors in modelling functions, so that operating with
> > >> > > stringsAsFactors=FALSE doesn't trigger silly warnings.
> > >> >
> > >> > ______________________________________________
> > >> > R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> > >> > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
> > >
> > >
> > > ______________________________________________
> > > R-devel at r-project.org mailing list
> > > https://stat.ethz.ch/mailman/listinfo/r-devel
> 
> Michael Dewey
> info at aghmed.fsnet.co.uk
> http://www.aghmed.fsnet.co.uk/home.html
> 
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